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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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| Meriño-Gergichevich,C; Alberdi,M; Ivanov,A.G; Reyes-Diaz,M. |
| High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growth and yield limiting factor for crops in acid soils (pH ≤5.5). The most recognized effect of Al-toxicity in plants is observed in roots. However, damages in the upper parts (including stem, leaves and fruits) may also be present. In addition, Al-toxicity triggers an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress that can damage the roots and chloroplasts, decreasing normal functioning of photo synthetic parameters. Al-toxicity may also increase or inhibit antioxidant activities, which are responsible to scavenge ROS. As result of the negative effects of toxic Al, root metabolic processes, such as water and nutrient absorption, are disturbed with a... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Acid soils; Aluminum; Amendments; Calcium; Gypsum. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100003 |
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| Borie,Fernando; Rubio,Rosa; Morales,Alfredo; Curaqueo,Gustavo; Cornejo,Pablo. |
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association plays a key role in the sustainability of terrestrial plant ecosystems, in particular those presenting limitations for the establishment and subsequent growth of plants. In Chile, more than 50% of arable soils are originated from volcanic ashes, showing in general several constraints to crop production, such as low pH, high exchangeable aluminum content and low levels of available P. Under these conditions, the management of AM fungal propagules using adequate cultural management practices emerges as a successful alternative in order to maximize the positive effects of AM symbiosis on plant growth in these types of soil. This review presents the results of several years of research about the effect of different... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Andisol; Management practices; Mycorrhizal propagules; N sources; P fractions; Ultisol. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100001 |
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| Diez,M.C. |
| Worldwide use of pesticide has increased dramatically during the last two decades. As a consequence, pesticide residues and their transformation products are frequently found in groundwater and surface waters. This review summarizes information about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), some chlorophenols; it mainly empathizes on pesticides, their incorporation into the environment, microorganisms involved in their degradation and, some physico-chemical aspects of pesticides behavior in soils. Details about residues of pesticides in groundwater and superficial water found in some foreign countries and in Chile are reported, as well. The fungal degradation of organic pollutants (xenobiotics) is considered as an... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Biodegradation; White-rot fungi; Pesticides; Biobeds. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100004 |
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| Tortella,G.R; Rubilar,O; Cea,M; Wulff,C; Martínez,O; Diez,M.C. |
| Degradation of the insecticide chlorpynfos (160 a.i mg kg-1) using a biomix of a biobed system biostimulated with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) was investigated. Three concentrations of the fertilizer (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% ww-1) were evaluated on chlorpynfos degradation, TCP (3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyrinidol) accumulation and biological activity of the biomix. The chlorpynfos was dissipated efficiently (>75%) after 40 days of incubation and no additional dissipation was obtained with increasing concentration of NPK after 20 days of incubation. TCP accumulation occuned in all evaluated NPK concentrations and its concentration increased with the increment of NPK addition raising the probability of leaching of this compound. Biological activity (FDA and... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Chlorpyrifos; Bio stimulation; NPK fertilizer; Biobed; Andisol. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200007 |
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| Seguel,O; Baginsky,C; Contreras,A; Covarrubias,J; Gonzalez,C; Sandoval,M. |
| As an alternative to organic soil amendments used in the Copiapo Valley (northern Chile), this study analyzed the magnitude of changes in physical soil properties associated with different crop rotations on the rows on a grape orchard. The study was performed in the locality of Los Loros, Atacama Region, during the 2006-2008 seasons. In a Typic Haplocambid soil (2-5% slope, coarse loam) with a 6-year old grape plantation, a control and three crop rotations were established, each with four replicates. Soil samples were taken at three depths (0-10; 10-40; 40-60 cm), evaluating bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate stability, pore size distribution and air and water flux. Crop rotation did not produce statistical differences in soil density compared... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Porosity; Aggregate stability; Mechanical strength; Productivity. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100001 |
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| Cruz-Cárdenas,G; Ortiz-Solorio,C.A; Ojeda-Trejo,E; Martinez-Montoya,J.F; Sotelo-Ruiz,E.D; Licona-Vargas,A.L. |
| The cartography of farmland classes allows generating land maps, using a methodology based on local knowledge, rapidly and at low cost, and with a greater number of cartographic units than conventional soil surveys maps. However, the results found when producing these maps with automated cartography techniques are contrasting. Precision and accuracy were evaluated in 324 computer generated farmland class (FLC) maps by applying the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation model. These maps were obtained by varying the sample size for the training, its spatial design, and the Power value of the interpolator. Moreover, the effort needed to obtain maps with acceptable reliability was quantified. The procedure was applied to FLC maps obtained from surveys... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Map accuracy; IDW interpolator; Soil sampling strategies. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200003 |
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| Castillo,C; Rubio,R; Borie,F; Sieverding,E. |
| The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in six Capsicum annuum or Lycopersicum escuíentum L. horticultural production systems of small farmers, and of two wheat agrosystems was comparatively investigated in Southern Chile (La Araucania). Soils in this region are mostly originated by volcanic ashes which are characterized by high organic matter content and high P-fixing capacity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbioses are playing a key role for P uptake by horticultural crops grown there. The objective of this study was to determine AM fungal communities in cropping systems and to identify soil factors affecting their frequency and diversity. Of the totally 32 AM fungal species identified, 5 to 21 AM fungi species were found in horticultural... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Glomeromycetes; Pepper; Ettuce; Agro-ecosystems. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200002 |
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| Lu,Caiyan; Ma,Jian; Chen,Xin; Zhang,Xudong; Shi,Yi; Huang,Bin. |
| A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and maize straw incorporation on the accumulation of NH4+-15N and N0(3)--15N in soil inorganic N pool among three consecutive cropping cycles, aimed to search for an effective N management practice to decrease superfluous accumulation of soil inorganic N and fertilizer N losses. The results showed that the amounts of soil NH4+-15N, N0(3)-15N and inorganic 15N, and their percent to applied 15N-labeled fertilizer declined significantly with sampling time (p ≤ 0.001).Compared to low N application rate (44.64 mg N kg-1 soil), high N application rate (89.28 mg N kg-1 soil) enhanced significantly the amounts of soil NH4+-15N, N0(3)--15N and inorganic 15N by 238.6%, 132.9%... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: N fertilizer; Maize straw; NH4+-15N; N0(3)--15N accumulation; Black soil. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200005 |
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| Pigna,M; Cozzolino,V; Giandonato Caporale,A; Mora,M.L; Di Meo,V; Jara,A.A; Violante,A. |
| In this study we have examinated the results of two experiments on the uptake and distribution of arsenic (As) in roots, shoots, and grain of wheat grown in As-polluted soils and in an unpolluted soil irrigated with As-contaminated water in absence or presence of phosphorus (P) fertilization. Arsenic concentrations in wheat samples of the two experiments are higher than those in the plants grown on uncontaminated soil. In the experiments showed in this work, it is highlighted the role of P fertilization in preventing As uptake and translocation in wheat plants. These findings could have important implications to reduce the potential risk posed to human health by As entering the food-chain. |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Phosphorus fertilization; Arsenic; Wheat; Polluted soils. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200004 |
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| Kahlaoui,B; Hachicha,M; Rejeb,S; Rejeb,M.N; Hanchi,B; Misle,E. |
| A field experiment on the effects of drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with saline water (6.57 dS m-1) on three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Rio Tinto, Rio Grande and Nemador) was carried out with the purpose to quantify physiological responses. The aim was to improve irrigation water management under saline conditions of Tunisia. The trial was established in a silt-clayey soil with three regimes of irrigation: 100 %, 85 % and 70 % of crop water requirement. Results evidenced a significant difference between the two irrigation systems for the three cultivars. Growth parameters such as leaf area, chlorophyll content and mineral composition of leaves, petioles, stems and roots were affected significantly by... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Salt tolerance; Tomato; Localized irrigation; Deficit irrigation; Tunisia. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100007 |
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| Gutiérrez,C; Rubilar,M; Jara,C; Verdugo,M; Sineiro,J; Shene,C. |
| Flax (Linum usitatissimum) has been used for centuries as a source for oil extraction. In recent years it has attracted considerable interest as a result of studies which attribute potential health benefits to its components, including the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Among these compounds presenting biological activity, alpha-linolenic acid, lignans and soluble fibre are of special interest. Southern Chile has comparative advantages for the cultivation of this crop. Together with its full processing, this crop could strengthen regional industry. The purpose of the present work is to learn how the best use can be made of these compounds, by studying flaxseed and flaxseed cake as sources of compounds of interest for food industry. Oil... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Flaxseed; Flaxseed oil; Protein; Food industry. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200006 |
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| Rubilar,M; Gutiérrez,C; Verdugo,M; Shene,C; Sineiro,J. |
| Scientific evidence supports flaxseed consumption; however, a large sector of the population is still unaware of the benefits associated to its consumption and its possible applications as functional food ingredient in foodstuffs. Flaxseed is mainly known by its high alpha-linolenic acid content, but it is also a lignan source, soluble fibre and protein, compounds which are biologically active in the prevention of some non-transmissible chronic diseases. Southern Chile has comparative advantages for the cultivation of this crop. Together with its full processing, this crop could strengthen regional industry. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the nutritional properties of flaxseed. |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Flaxseed; Oil; Protein; Mucilage; Lignans. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100010 |
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| Garcia-Chevesich,P; Pizarro,R; Stropki,C.L; Ramirez de Arellano,P; Ffolliott,P.F; DeBano,L.F; Neary,D.G; Slack,D.C. |
| A wildfire burned about 15,000 ha of Monterrey Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations near Yungay, Chile, in January of 2007. Post-fire water repellency (hydrophobicity) was measured using the water-drop-penetration-time (WDPT) method at depths of 0, 5, and 10 mm from the soil surface. These measurements were collected on burned sites of both young (4-years old) and old (11-years old) plantations having both sand- and clay-rich soils. For purpose of comparison, water repellency was also measured one year after the wildfire on four unburned sites representing the same soil types and plantation ages as those occurring on the burned sites. The statistical analyses indicated that water repellency was present only on old stands, being located on the soil... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Soil hydrophobicity; Fire effects; Wetting behavior. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200001 |
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| Ubalde,J.M; Sort,X; Poch,R.M. |
| The aim of this study was to elucidate the soil forming processes of representative vineyard soils, and to discuss the implications on a soil-based viticultural zoning at very detailed scale. The study area is located in Priorat, Penedes and Conca de Barbera viticultural areas (Catalonia, North-eastern Spain). The studied soils belong to representative soil map units determined at 1:5,000 scale, according to Soil Taxonomy classification. The soil forming processes, identified through morphological and micromorphological analyses, have significant effects on some soil properties. For example, the different processes of clay accumulation in soils developed from granodiorites in Priorat or gravel deposits in Conca de Barbera, are primarily responsible for... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Soil formation; Soil micromorphology; Soil survey; Soil classification. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100009 |
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| Millaleo,R; Reyes- Diaz,M; Ivanov,A.G; Mora,M.L; Alberdi,M. |
| Manganese is an essential element for plants, intervening in several metabolic processes, mainly in photosynthesis and as an enzyme antioxidant-cofactor. Nevertheless, an excess of this micronutrient is toxic for plants. Mn phytotoxicity is manifested in a reduction of biomass and photosynthesis, and biochemical disorders such as oxidative stress. Some studies on Mn toxicity and Mn translocation from soil to plant cells in Mn2+ form have demonstrated their importance under low pH and redox potential conditions in the soil. When Mn is inside the cells, mechanisms that can tolerate this toxicity are also observed, being important the compartmentalization of this metal in different organdíes of shoot and leaf plant cells. A key role of antioxidative systems... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Manganese; Mn toxicity; Resistance mechanisms. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200008 |
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| Martínez-Viveros,O; Jorquera,M.A; Crowley,D.E; Gajardo,G; Mora,M.L. |
| Rhizobacteria are capable of stimulating plant growth through a variety of mechanisms that include improvement of plant nutrition, production and regulation of phytohormones, and suppression of disease causing organisms. While considerable research has demonstrated their potential utility, the successful application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the field has been limited by a lack of knowledge of ecological factors that determine their survival and activity in the plant rhizosphere. To be effective, PGPR must maintain a critical population density of active cells. Inoculation with PGPR strains can temporarily enhance the population size, but inoculants often have poor survival and compete with indigenous bacteria for available growth... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural inoculant; Phytohormone; Phytopathogen biocontrol; Plant nutrition; Rhizosphere. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100006 |
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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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